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BULLETIN 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  TEXAS^^ 


No.  198 


FOUR  TIMES  A  MONTH 


EXTENSION  SERIES  No.-iS^  '^  SEPTEMBER  8,  1911 

REMODELED  RURAL  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 


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PUBLISHED  BY 

THE    UNIVERSITY     OF    TEXAS 

AUSTIN,  TEXAS 

Entered  as  second-class  mail  matter  at  the  postofice  at  Austin,  Texas. 


CultlTated  mind  is  the  guardian 
genius  of  democracy.  ...  It  is 
the  only  dictator  that  freemen  ac- 
knowledge and  the  only  security  that 
freemen  desire. 

President  Mirabeau  B.  Lamar. 


Austin  Printing:  Company. 


REMODELED  RURAL  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 

SUPPLEMENT  No.  1  TO 

ONE-ROOM  AND  TWO-ROOM  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS 

Many  school  buildings  have  been  constructed  without  proper 
regard  for  heating,  lighting  and  ventilation.  To  specify  such 
a  remodeling  of  these  buildings  as  will  secure  the  proper  con- 
ditions is  the  purpose  of  this  bulletin. 

CONDITIONS  NECESSARY. 

.  In  every  school  room  it  is  necessary  that  the  light  come  from 
only  one  direction  (from  high  in  the  room,  and  from  the  pupil's 
left),  the  heating  must  be  uniform  and  the  air  in  the  room  must 
be  changed  at  least  every  fifteen  minutes. 

HOW   THESE   CONDITIONS   MAY   BE   SECURED. 

Windows.  The  bottom  of  the  windows  should  be  3  feet  6 
inches  from  the  floor,  and  the  top,  or  transoms  above  the  top 
should  extend  to  within  6  inches  of  the  ceiling.  In  remodeling 
buildings  where  the  windows  are  too  low  at  the  bottom  the  fault 
may  be  corrected  by  means  of  a  hinged  board  fastened  at  the 
bottom  of  the  window.    See  cut,  page  5. 

The  board  should  be  of  such  width  that  it  will  bring  the  bot- 
tom of  the  window  to  the  height  of  3  feet  6  inches.  For  the  ad- 
vantages of  windows  placed  at  the  proper  height  in  the  wall,  see 
bulletin  on  One-Room  and  Two-Room  Rural  School  Buildings, 
pages  8  and  9. 

Transoms.  Windows  too  low  at  the  top  may  be  corrected  by 
placing  a  transom  above  the  window.  The  transom  must  be  of 
such  width  that  it  will  extend  to  within  6  inches  of  the  ceiling, 
leaving  room  only  for  the  facing,  and  it  must  be  hinged  at  the 
bottom,  so  that  it  wiD.  swing  open  into  the  room.  See  cut,  page  5. 
For  discussion  of  transoms,  see  bulletin,  One-Room  and  Two- 
Room  Rural  School  Buildings. 


M523683 


4  Bulletin  of  the  University  of  Texas 

Grouping  of  Windows.  In  the  Texas  climate  the  south  and 
east  breezes  are  necessary  to  the  comfort  of  the  room.  The  choice 
between  a  south  or  east  exposure  may  depend  somewhat  upon 
the  locality,  but  since  the  south  light  is  better  than  the  east  light, 
and  since  the  prevailing  winds  during  the  warm  seasons  are  more 
southerly  than  easterly,  the  preference  is  given  the  southern  ex- 
posure. The  south  wall  of  the  room  therefore  should  contain  at 
least  five  windows  grouped  together,  so  that  only  a  thin  mullion 
separates  them.  See  cut.  With  this  arrangement  the  pupil 
must  face  the  west  wall,  which  should  be  left  blank.  The  cloak- 
rooms must  be  placed  on  the  north  side  of  the  room.  The  east 
wall  may  have  two  or  three  windows  for  the  sake  of  ventilation, 
but  these  windows  must  always  be  fitted  with  wood  slat  louvers 
(see  cut)  which  shut  out  the  light. 


Remodeled  Rural  School  Buildings 


I 


6  BuUetin  of  the  University  of  Texas 

Cloak  Booms.  The  cloak  rooms  may  be  arranged  in  either  of 
the  two  ways  illustrated  in  the  cuts,  II  or  III.  If  the  room  is  no 
larger  than  needed  to  accommodate  the  pupils  the  cloak  rooms 
should  be  attached  on  the  outside,  as  illustrated  in  cut  No.  II. 
If  the  room  is  wider  than  necessary  a  partition  may  be  inserted 
as  illustrated  in  cut  No.  III. 


WEST 


CUT  I. 


Remodeled  Rural  School  Buildings 


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Heating.  Showing  the  improved  circulation  produced  by  the 
jacketed  stove  with  fresh  air  admitted  through  a  sliding  door  in 
the  floor  underneath  the  stove  and  passing  up  between  the  stove 
and  the  jacket.  The  hot  air  rises  and  produces  a  pressure  in  the 
room,  forcing  out  the  cold,  bad  air  through  the  vent  flue  shown 
in  the  cut  near  the  floor  and  just  behind  the  stove.  The  circula- 
tion is  further  helped  by  extending  the  stove  pipe  into  the  vent 
flue,  running  it  on  up  inside  this  flue  to  the  top  of  the  house. 
As  soon  as  this  pipe  becomes  heated  from  the  stove,  it  heats  the 
surrounding  air  in  the  flue,  which  rises  and  thus  starts  a  suction 
in  the  flue  and  helps  to  draw  out  the  cold  air  from  the  room  be- 
low. The  arrows  indicate  the  direction  of  the  currents  of  air  in 
the  room. 


Remodeled  Rural  School  Buildings 


ARRAAlG^rAEl/IX     OF 

MEATi/iG  <^  Ve:/itilatio/^ 

DtPARTr\LnT  E.XTZnS\On,  U/^IVE:P5ITY    of  TtXAS 


The  above  cut  shows  how  the  same  system  may  be  introduced 
in  a  building  that  has  been  constructed  without  a  chimney.  A 
foul  air  duct  30x24  inches  made  of  galvanized  iron  may  be 
used  instead.  In  this  case  the  stove  pipe  will  be  continued  in- 
side the  flue  as  ordinary  Russian  iron,  or  galvanized  iron.  This 
has  the  advantage  that  the  foul  air  vent  will  be  more  readily 
heated,  thereby  facilitating  the  removal  of  the  foul  air  from  the 
room.  The  fresh  air  inlet  under  the  stove  should  also  be  made  of 
galvanized  iron. 


